Approach Of Amazon Towards Global Business -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about the Approach Of Amazon Towards Global Business. Answer: A knowledge into Amazons system, culture and assets Amazon has accomplished awards and brilliance by taking into account the particular needs and requests of the clients over the globe. Utilizing the web based life has empowered Amazon to extend the extension and field of its business. Toward the finish of the second from last quarter in 2015 in September, Amazons income accomplished a jump by 20% (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Numerically, the income of Amazon as of now was 23.2 US billion dollars. The overall gain of Amazon was 79 US million dollars, which was a make up for the loss of 437 US billion dollars. The significant drive behind this was the vision of the staff towards taking Amazon towards each edge of the world. For this, the work force made helpful arrangements, which underlined on the prudent use of the assets (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Normal case of this was the arrangement of propelling an online book shop in 1995. This dispatch was a pitiful piece of the assets got ready for extending the field of the business. The consequence of this arranging was rising fruitful in lining up with the particular tastes and inclinations of the clients separated from books, for example, gadgets, attire, gems, home stylistic layout among others. Taking into account these things, it very well may be said that Amazon has enough in its store for satisfying the necessities, requests and prerequisites of the clients (Amazon.com.sg 2017). The significant drive behind this is the nearness of talented and productive experts, who drudge hard to build the proficiency in the business exercises. Uncovering key vision towards the execution of the business exercises helps the work force to accomplish the recognized and the predetermined objectives. Inside the readied procedure, accentuation is laid on the production of objectives, which are attainable and sensible. Assessment is done reliably so as to guarantee the suitability, viability and attainability of the objectives regarding the distinguished and the predefined objectives and destinations (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Gatherings are a vital piece of the Amazon business. Individuals from the board are associated with these gatherings for giving endorsements to the plans and proposition. One of an inventive idea of this key vision is the use of review and the criticism structures. These structures mirror the immediate association between the clients and the Amazon work force. I ndeed, even in the sites, there is an arrangement of client input. Managing these inputs mirror the way of life of the Amazon work force. After the work force get the substance created by the clients, they protect it in organizers. As an issue of detail, protection treats are actualized when the clients start the way toward sending inputs (Amazon.com.sg 2017). These treats mirror the adherence and consistence with the guidelines and conventions of promoting enactments. Alongside this, the Amazon faculty guarantee that while promoting the recently propelled items, the individual assessments of the clients don't get influenced. Conduct approach of the faculty is likewise a significant piece of the authoritative culture of Amazon. Showing helpful methodology towards the clients improves the character of the Amazon work force. This incorporates successful treatment of their grievances, changing inadequate products among others (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Tolerance is a basic piece of dealing with the protests and inquiries of the clients in the event of the A mazon work force. The conduct uncovered by the work force is assessed in the exhibition examinations led by the directors. The significant drive behind this is to recollect the way that the business spins around the clients. Microenvironment of Amazon Microenvironment of Amazon relates with the SWOT examination, which is depicted in detail in following: Qualities Cost authority Ache to accomplish something creative Concentrating on key development Shortcoming Redirection from the center zone Perils in cost improvement as far as delivery the things Concentrate on internet retailing-a hindrance in business development Zero edge dispatching cost invalidate the benefit accomplished using plans of action Openings Development in online installment framework Publicizing items under own image Heightening in the portfolio contributions Propelling more sites Dangers Digital wrongdoings Money related emergency coming about to illicit embarrassments and issues Intense rivalry from the online retailers Table 1: SWOT investigation of Amazon Concentrating on the vital development causes the Amazon work force to come out with something inventive for the clients. Propelling and empowering the clients for making systems upgrades the administration of the directors in Amazon (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Digging profound into the matter of Amazon, it points towards the accomplishment of enormous scope net revenue. Be that as it may, serving the clients reliably upgrades the character of the staff in the psyches of the clients. Along these lines, the clients get enough extension towards practicing their purchasing power. Considering this, key vision towards satisfying the necessities, requests and prerequisites of the clients is probably the best quality of Amazon. Occupying from the center territory invalidates the plans of the work force towards taking into account the necessities of the clients. This is regardless of the way that the plans made are key. For instance, propelling on the web book shops limited the vision of business extension, constraining the roads for entering into the outside business sectors (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Consistency in this procedure would urge the Amazon work force to lose the upper hand from different brands. Unreasonable methodology towards transportation the requests have constrained the faculty to lose overall revenues. This prompts the deterrent of streamlining the expenses, denying the clients from having quality and marked items. Danger of substitute online retailers hampers the development plans of Amazon. According to the business pundits, misutilization of the plans of action have caused Amazons productivity to appear to be irrelevant (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Thus, the key vision of Bezos is invalidated, co nvincing him to start to think critically for reexamining the way toward executing the business exercises. Advancing the online installment framework goes about as an open door for Amazon as far as balancing out the money related boundary. On the off chance that Amazon staff publicize the recently propelled items under their own image, the supply of clients would increment. Acceleration in the portfolio contributions would diminish the questions of the clients as far as the item determinations. This is relevant for the array, tinned and canned food things. Aside from this, starting more sites would associate the Amazon work force to clients over the globe (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Digital violations act like a danger for the Amazon work force as far as promoting the items to the clients. Programmer intercessions, infections and breakdowns in the frameworks slow down the business exercises of Amazon. This slowing down denies the longing of the clients with respect to the ownership of value and marked items. Alongside this, the digital violations separate the clients from the staff. This is on the grounds that the work force can't work the frameworks because of infection assaults. Carelessness towards the appropriation of security programming urges the staff to experience unlawful embarrassments, which ruins the notoriety of Amazon as a brand (Amazon.com.sg 2017). One of different dangers for Amazon is extreme rivalry from the developing on the web retailers. Labeling this as a danger mirrors the rebelliousness towards the serious strategies, obscuring the straightforwardness in the business exercises. This is a primary deviation from the business arrangements and strategies. Inside control of Amazon The directors inside control the activities of Amazon. As an issue of determination, quality tests are directed by employing the quality specialists. Consistency is kept up in these quality tests, which encourages the work force to decide the particular tastes and inclination of the clients. As an issue of particular, the personality of these specialists is confirmed before their confirmation in the Amazon working environment. This check is significant as far as keeping up the security and wellbeing of the authoritative information just as the representatives. Taking into account these perspectives, it very well may be said that quality control is an indispensable piece of the Amazon business (Amazon.com.sg 2017). This control causes the work force to deflect the examples of defilement, bringing about client and worker turnover. Large scale condition of Amazon Large scale condition of Amazon is its PESTLE investigation. Political Political insecurities Brutal legislative approaches Administrative help for digital security Prudent Expansion Change in the costs of the crude materials High trade rates Social Change in the way of life of the clients Mechanical Mechanical advancements appropriation of most recent and present day programming Lawful Item enactment Guidelines with respect to the import and the fare exercises Natural Natural laws and orders Decreasing carbon impressions Table 2: PESTLE examination of Amazon Brutal strategies make it hard for the Amazon work force to execute the import and fare exercises. Despite what might be expected, administrative help causes the faculty to build the effectiveness in the business exercises (Amazon.com.sg 2017). Inside this, emphasis on alleviation the digital wrongdoings is an inventive activity as far as upgrading the strength in the servitude between the clients and the work force. Digging profound into this specific situation, Governmental help has positive just as negative undertone towards the impor

Electronic Health Records Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electronic Health Records - Research Paper Example EHRs, Pros, Cons In an archive from the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the advantages of receiving the utilization of HIT in both open and private foundations were introduced, just as the objectives, vision, and changes in the framework once medicinal services conveyance would incorporate the utilization of such advancements. In 2004, previous US president Bush â€Å"called for a boundless selection of interoperable EHRs inside 10 years,† and the set up position of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology was entrusted to create and execute a â€Å"strategic plan† that would control the usage of HIT broadly in both open and private parts (HSS 1). From here we see that such headways in innovation are bolstered by the central government, and infer that they may have a greater number of favorable circumstances than detriments. In a distribution by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), they receive the Health Information Management Systems Society’s (HIMSS) meaning of EHR where, â€Å"The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient wellbeing data created by at least one experiences in any consideration conveyance setting. Remembered for this data show restraint socioeconomics, progress notes, issues, meds, imperative signs, past clinical history, inoculations, research facility information, and radiology reports. The EHR computerizes and smoothes out the clinician’s work process. The EHR can produce a total record of a clinical patient experience, just as supporting other consideration related exercises legitimately or by implication through interface - including proof based choice help, quality administration, and results reporting.† (1) The pen and paper framework received in social insurance establishments have been accused more than ordinarily in blunders that happen in human services conveyance. I n the improvement of EHRs, these mix-ups are seen to diminish in light of the fact that they state that electronic records are decipherable and steady, not empowering different individuals from the human services group to accept or figure meds, doses, and other doctor orders composed on the patients’ graphs once they get hard to peruse. Discontinuity of data that might be brought about by paper records have the danger of expanding medicinal services cost to oversee unfriendly impacts the patient could involvement with the occasion that something unfortunate happens when data on paper are misjudged. Another preferred position of an EHR is its expanded capacities to store data for longer timeframes, and it is available, permitting quick recovery of data (Gurley). The framework is additionally intended to distinguish irregular outcomes, in research facility and demonstrative methods, for example, and reminds and alarms suppliers when such are found in the records. This element i n this manner upgrades persistent security in the redemption of care. One drawback with an EHR is its startup costs, which might be excessively (Gurley). In spite of the fact that the framework supposedly reduces social insurance costs, there is a requirement for money related cash-flow to be contributed during its underlying reception that might be an immense sum. Likewise, to clients who are not in fact proficient, EHRs may get troublesome, rather than advantageous, to them. The issues thought about when EHRs are

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Consider Wharton for Marketing

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Consider Wharton for Marketing Perennially ranked among the top business schools in the world, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania appears to be best known for its reputation in financeâ€"as its original name, the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, would indicate. Nevertheless, the school seems to pride itself on its breadth and depth of expertise in a multitude of business areas. For instance, consider these facts about Whartons highly regarded marketing program: Wharton has “the largest, most cited, and most published marketing department in the world,” according to the marketing department’s Web site. The schools marketing department was ranked #2 in the 2012  U.S. News World Report  MBA rankings by specialty. A Wharton marketing professor developed conjoint analysis, a tool that has helped shape 20th century marketing practices. The Marketing Clubs annual conference brings together approximately 300 students, faculty members, alumni and leading marketing experts each year to explore various themes central to the industry.  In 2011, the conferenceâ€"whose theme was “The Evolution of Marketing: New Decade, New Advances”â€"featured keynote speeches by the chief operating officer of Colgate-Palmolive and the vice president of strategic industries marketing at SAP, a leading applications software company. Indeed, to dismiss Wharton as simply a finance school would be a mistake. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

Guide and Examples for Writing a Sociology Abstract

If you are a student learning sociology, chances are you will be asked to write an abstract. Sometimes, your teacher or professor may ask you to write an abstract at the beginning of the research process to help you organize your ideas for the research. Other times, the organizers of a conference or editors of an academic journal or book will ask you to write one to serve as a summary of research you have completed and that you intend to share. Lets review exactly what an abstract is and the five steps you need to follow in order to write one. Definition Within sociology, as with other sciences, an abstract is a brief and concise description of a research project that is typically in the range of 200 to 300 words. Sometimes you may be asked to write an abstract at the beginning of a research project and other times, you will be asked to do so after the research is completed. In any case, the abstract serves, in effect, as a sales pitch for your research. Its goal is to pique the interest of the reader such that he or she continues to read the research report that follows the abstract or decides to attend a research presentation you will give about the research. For this reason, an abstract should be written in clear and descriptive language and should avoid the use of acronyms and jargon. Types Depending on at what stage in the research process you write your abstract, it will fall into one of two categories: descriptive or informative. Those written before the research is completed will be descriptive in nature. Descriptive abstracts provide an overview of the purpose, goals, and proposed methods of your study, but do not include discussion of the results or conclusions you might draw from them. Informative abstracts are super-condensed versions of a research paper that provide an overview of the motivations for the research, problem(s) it addresses, approach and methods, the results of the research, and your conclusions and implications of the research. Preparing to Write Before you write an  abstract there are a few important steps you should complete. First, if you are writing an informative abstract, you should write the full research report. It may be tempting to start by writing the abstract because it is short, but in reality, you cant write it until you the report is complete because the abstract should be a condensed version of it. If youve yet to write the report, you probably have not yet completed analyzing your data or thinking through the conclusions and implications. You cant write a research abstract until youve done these things. Another important consideration is the length of the abstract. Whether you are submitting it for publication, to a conference, or to a teacher or professor for a class, you will have been given guidance on how many words the abstract can be. Know your word limit in advance and stick to it. Finally, consider the audience for your abstract. In most cases, people you have never met will read your abstract. Some of them may not have the same expertise in sociology that you have, so its important that you write your abstract in clear language and without jargon. Remember that your abstract is, in effect, a sales pitch for your research, and you want it to make people want to learn more. Step-by-Step Guide Motivation. Begin your abstract by describing what motivated you to conduct the research. Ask yourself what made you pick this topic. Is there a particular social trend or  phenomenon that sparked your interest in doing the project? Was there a gap in existing research that you sought to fill by conducting your own? Was there something, in particular, you set out to prove? Consider these questions and begin your abstract by briefly stating, in one or two sentences, the answers to them.Problem. Next, describe the problem or question to which your research seeks to provide an answer or better understanding. Be specific and explain if this is a general problem or a specific one affecting only certain regions or sections of the population. You should finish describing the problem by stating your hypothesis, or what you expect to find after conducting your research.Approach and methods. Following your description of the problem, you must next explain how your research approaches it, in terms of theoretical framing or general perspective, and which research methods you will use to do the research. Remember, this should be brief, jargon-free, and concise.Results. Next, describe in one or two sentences the results of your research. If you completed a complex research project that led to several results that you discuss in the report, highlight only the most significant or noteworthy in the abstract. You should state whether or not you were able to answer your research questions, and if surprising results were found too. If, as in some cases, your results did not adequately answer your question(s), you should report that as well.Conclusions. Finish your abstract by briefly stating what conclusions you draw from the results and what implications they might hold. Consider whether there are implications for the practices and policies of organizations and/or government bodies that are connected to your research, and whether your results suggest that further research shoul d be done, and why. You should also point out whether the results of your research are generally and/or broadly applicable or whether they are descriptive in nature and focused on a particular case or limited population. Example Lets take as an example the abstract that serves as the teaser for a journal article by sociologist Dr. David Pedulla. The article in question, published in American Sociological Review,  is a report on how taking a job below ones skill level or doing part-time work can hurt a persons future career prospects in their chosen field or profession.  The abstract is annotated with bolded numbers that show the steps in the process outlined above. 1. Millions of workers are employed in positions that deviate from the full-time, standard employment relationship or work in jobs that are mismatched with their skills, education, or experience. 2. Yet, little is known about how employers evaluate workers who have experienced these employment arrangements, limiting our knowledge about how part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underutilization affect workers labor market opportunities. 3. Drawing on original field and survey experiment data, I examine three questions: (1) What are the consequences of having a nonstandard or mismatched employment history for workers labor market opportunities? (2) Are the effects of nonstandard or mismatched employment histories different for men and women? and (3) What are the mechanisms linking nonstandard or mismatched employment histories to labor market outcomes? 4. The field experiment shows that skills underutilization is as scarring for workers as a year of unemployment, but that there are limited penalties for workers with histories of temporary agency employment. Additionally, although men are penalized for part-time employment histories, women face no penalty for part-time work. The survey experiment reveals that employers perceptions of workers competence and commitment mediate these effects. 5. These findings shed light on the consequences of changing employment relations for the distribution of labor market opportunities in the new economy. Its really that simple.

Writing Is An Art That Improves Through Time With...

Writing is an art that improves through time with consistent practice and exploration of one’s skills. Prior to this class, I have always considered myself to be an efficient writer. However, my writing was limited in the scope of academic writing, due to the fact that throughout my high school career, that is the most of what was expected to be written from me. In this class I was able to dive further into my writing and explore with my skills in the context of creative writing, poetry, as well as fictional writing; something I had little to no experience in. With the correct guidance from you, my professor, and consistent practicing, I was able to create five pieces that I believe to be some of my best work in these particular genres of†¦show more content†¦Like all works of writing, it is ultimately a work in progress, as is this writing. However, I still believe that it highlights a strong aspect of my skills; the ability to explore and execute. It was this assign ment that ultimately pushed me through to the fictional realm of writing; the assignment that tipped me over the edge into a completely distinct writing than that of academic. It was ultimately the beginning of my transition into a greater work of skill as a writer. Thus, there was more work created throughout the duration of the class. The second work that is presented in this portfolio is a moment in time assignment that was written, titled â€Å"Life and Marriage.† This writing was very personal to me, similar to the creative nonfiction assignment that I wrote. As stated before, writing on the matter of personal experience is difficult to do. Nonetheless, I feel as though I excelled in this assignment in the sense that I was able to incorporate my ideas clearly and tell a story through my emotions, yet without clouding it’s intended message. This assignment has ultimately taught me the possibility as well as ability to incorporate personal experience to strengthen m y work, and to create a meaningful lesson and interpretation from it. Every writing has it’s own meaning to it, and with this specific piece, I was able to

Is The Criminal Justice System Racially Biased Essay

Is the Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Most criminologist use two sources of criminal justice data in the United States: the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS). The URC data is made from law enforcement agencies and include crime incidents reported to or obtained by the police. NCVS data is obtained from a very complex national survey of a sample of homes and provide information about crime incidents and victims for both reported and unreported crimes, excluding homicide. For my report I obtained research information from questionnaires and from several text books. I gave the questionnaire concerning bias in the criminal justice system to four whites, four blacks, one Asia, and one†¦show more content†¦Blacks however are on the outskirts of that moral community or in another different moral community. Ultimately whites and blacks do not relate to and understand the Criminal Justice System the same for they view and react to the actions of authorities based on their life experiences caused by race and SES nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I stated earlier that blacks and whites are in different moral communities, this means that the normal excepted behavior for one group is not the same for the other group. We can prove this with statistics. The median family income for whites is 38,909 and for blacks it is 21,161. This shows that blacks earn 54% of what whites earn. In addition, 4% of whites are unemployed, while 8% of blacks are unemployed. This shows that blacks are unemployed at a rate of 200% compared with unemployed whites. Also, 9% of whites live in poverty, compared with 31% of blacks living in poverty. This is an astonishing figure that states 344% of blacks live in unacceptable conditions compared with whites. What does all of this mean? Where and how you live decide who you are, and contribute to labelling. Obviously, blacks have a lower SES and fall victim to a self-fulfilling prophecy and labels. The problem arises when quot;the Criminal Justice System discriminates against these groups of citizensquot; (Henslin 182). In William Chambliss study of quot;Saints and Roughnecksquot; he proved thatShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Racial Corruption In The Criminal Justice System1678 Words   |  7 Pages Racial Corruption in the Criminal Justice System It appears that the criminal justice system is racially biased. Instead of the criminal justice system giving all of the citizens of the United States of America the same civil treatment, it treats all individuals differently based upon the color of an individual’s skin. What does it mean to be racially biased? Being racially biased is known as to judge one by his or her physical appearance. 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Racial profili ng propels a brutalizing message toRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagessentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts (Kerby 2).† Portrayals in the media have depicted black men as thugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate in society. Because of racial disparities that occur in the UnitedRead MoreRacism Is A System Of Power And Privilege1718 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Racism is a system of power and privilege; it can be manifested in people’s attitudes but is rooted in society’s structure† (Collins, 2016). In the history of America, racism has been an on-going issue. 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Apply Construction Organizations Processes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Apply Construction Organizations Processes? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the concept of lean principles and tools in terms of execution of construction projects. Therefore, the main aim is to analyze a practical implementation of lean principles and tools (last planer) in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. Lean principles and tools are very applicable in the construction industry for projects that need to be profitable in the future. There are many tools that can be applied in lean technology so as to minimize wastes in materials, labour, and other resources in order to maximize profit margin. Qatar is a developing country in terms of growth and development of infrastructure and other construction projects. In that case, a developing country may not have modern technology to design remarkable infrastructures and construction projects. The main cause of this assertion is due to competition in the construction industry and lack of appropriate mechanisms to maximize profit margins along with minimization of wastes associated with construction projects. In that case, implementation of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar will bear significant progress in designing infrastructure and construction projects. Doha, Qatar is a place that attracts millions of tourists every year from all corners of the globe. Therefore, the sustainability of construction projects needs to be well established so as to satisfy the rising demand from customers. Implementation of lean principles and tools brings more value to the development of infrastructure. This is because more quality work is delivered using fewer resources. This is because the implementation process of these tools and principles is associated with low costs, ability to reduce wastes, saving time in construction projects and capital committed to these projects is also well planned. Again, the process applies less human efforts thus becoming labour intensive. Lean technology also applies tools and principles to design construction projects and infrastructure through the use of less space as compared to traditional systems of construction projects[1]. Construction companies operating in Doha, Qatar will be in a position to initiate a construc tion program that will provide quality products and services that are less costly. These products and services are also characterized will lack defects, unlike traditional construction system that produced products that are defective. Lastly, due to global development in construction projects, Doha, Qatar will be recognized as part of the major contributors in the implementation of lean tools and principles so as to satisfy and respond to desires raised by customers. It will also produce products and projects that will sustain the economy of Qatar in the next couple of generations. It is also important to recognize the efforts of the Toyota Corporation in Japan Auto industry. This was the origin of lean principles. In that case, lean construction is a combination of construction operational research and practical development in design in the construction process. Initially, construction projects were implemented through the use of traditional construction systems. However, upon the development of lean processing, Japan initiated a construction model that was referred as lean construction model. This was used to initiate construction projects as well as to propel their execution. Last planner system Lean principles and tools have been used to initiate construction projects for many years. There are many tools that have been designed by experts to execute these projects. In this case, we consider last planer system as the main tool that Doha, Qatar can use to facilitate a practical implementation in construction projects. The planner system was developed to initiate a clear path in lean construction so as to deliver construction objectives. In that case, the main ideology that planner system managed to initiate was based on productivity in the construction industry. Therefore, the system became very effective in cases where Construction Company aims to maximize productivity as well as reduces costs such as capital investment, space of operation, labour, resources and completion time. Last planner system is a very significant concept in project management, especially in construction projects management. This system is very applicable in different control units. The two main units in construction that apply this concept include workflow control unit and production unit control. These units work collectively to deliver a unique project execution plan. If we consider the conditions in Doha, Qatar, we realize that the concept of lean construction is very applicable since soil texture in Doha, Qatar required lean construction designs to lay down a sustainable construction project. Construction projects are associated with wastage in terms of materials, labour, space, capital investment and project completion time. Considering the rising demand for a construction project in Qatar, then there is need to adopt lean principles and tools that suggest application of last planner system. This will assist companies in Doha, Qatar to produce quality projects that are sustainable in future. There will be lean implementation phase that will offer solutions to wastage. The lean construction phase will also determine wastage in construction projects and devices mitigation strategies to minimize wastes[2]. Projects are not permanent production systems. Therefore, it is very important to use last planner system so as to initiate the process of value maximization and waste minimization. The main idea of applying lean construction principles and tools is to deliver quality products. Lean construction projects are safer, they are easy to manage, best quality, low costs and appr opriate completion time. Last planner system integrated with other lean construction principles and tools. Lastly, the best approach to last planner system is time management. The system has the ability to initiate project execution timeline. This time schedule can be planned based on project construction phase. Each construction phase may be allocated a particular period of time to be initiated and executed. This can either be weekly or monthly based on decisions set by project management team. Each phase also needs to determine the level of wastes. It is easier to reduce a given quantity of waste once the construction project is initiated. Last planner system of a production unit is also necessary for supporting construction projects. It is triggered by planned accomplishment. It also determines other alternatives that can be applied in construction projects so as to deliver projects in scheduled timelines. In order to support lean projects, each section of last planner system is very feasible. Lean project planning and execution will not be viable if construction team ignore contributions of last planner system. The figure below demonstrates how last planner system operates. Last planner system Source: Turner Construction Co. 9/ 2013 If construction companies in Doha, Qatar can apply this system in executing construction projects, then there is a high likelihood of maximizing value in the economy as well as minimization of costs and wastes in construction. This system will enable Doha, Qatar to move from the previous project construction level to a higher level as indicated in the figure below. Source: lean construction institute 2013 From the figure above, construction projects in Doha, Qatar are performed better each year due to the application of last planner system in lean construction. Benefits of last planner system in construction projects There are remarkable benefits that can be associated with last planner system in lean construction. In that case, these advantages propel projects in delivery time and quality. These benefits involve the following conversations: Collaborative Programming this involves the integration of project teams so as to deliver construction projects in the most desirable manner. In that case, this kind of programming enhances consultation of different teams so as to make the most feasible decisions and judgments concerning a particular project. Again, through this platform, teams are able to arrange meetings for project execution. Meetings can be held weekly to initiate the weekly plan. Make Ready this process is meant to set the projects into progress. In that case, all the necessary requirements are set so as to propel execution plan. This process facilitates projects execution in different phases until project completion. Production Planning planning is the most important task to perform a project. Last planner system facilitates this kind of planning through project delivery program and project time engagement. Production Management this involves project management team. Last planner system provides the best management team to initiate project execution. This is because, lean tools and principles provide guidelines on project management in term of timeline, costs, wastage and other alternatives. Measurement, learning and continual improvement- this is very evident from the figure above. Each year, the level of construction projects implemented by application of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar has been increasing each year. This is a key positive indicator that last planner system is very beneficial in terms of measurement, learning, and continual improvement. The concept of last planner system in lean construction is highly vested in productivity. If the management team apply this system to the letter, then construction projects will be established within the most appropriate timeline. It also allows reflection sessions in weekly dates. This allows project team members to reflect on what has been achieved as well as determine mistakes made to avoid recurrence in the future. Methodology The case study on the implementation of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar was a beginning to remarkable progress in construction projects in the area for many years. The mode of implementation in those projects was initiated through traditional construction system before the establishment of lean construction technology. Doha construction industries in Qatar applied last planner system in construction projects after the company realized how competitive construction process was in Qatar. Foreign companies offered better products and services in lean construction which made Doha lose many of the customers. Therefore, to regain a competitive advantage in this implementation, intensive research was conducted in last planner system. It was also integrated with lean principles and tools to upgrade projects in construction. Through formulation and testing of hypothesis, last planner system played a very significant role in project management and construction execution plan. In addition, this case study report also provide an implementation plan that was initiated by construction team so as to deliver quality projects, appropriate completion periods, low costs, minimized wastage and maximization of wealth margin. The research conducted in this field was performed by a positivist researcher who formulated the most appropriate hypothesis to offer a practical implementation of leans principles and tools in construction projects in Doha, Qatar. This hypothesis was very correct and was accepted. In that case, the level of construction projects implemented through lean principles and tools improved in Doha, Qatar as demonstrated by the figure below. lean construction institute 2013 This progress was achieved after construction project management team formulated the following steps in order to realize the slight improvement each year. The project management team managed to lay down strategies so as to outdo competitors. In that case, application of last planner system assisted the implementation of lean principles and tools which in return produced quality products and services. The team also compared the sustainability of those projects in line with lean construction. The numerous researches on most appropriate implementation plan assessed and project team selected the best plan out of the list provided. There were weekly meeting that provided a reflection on what was accomplished as well as validate what needed to be done. A better plan was formulated to minimize wastage in future. Case study background This case study involved lean construction that was applied in Doha, Qatar. This case study was formulated in the construction industry that increasingly trended forward. This process was implemented and applied to value stream mapping. This was a sustainable construction project that applied construction tools. In this case, lean principles and tools were applied to install underground pipelines in Doha, Qatar. This case study also laid down strategies to minimize wastes. This can be demonstrated in the data below. Examples of waste in construction Waste types Rise in costs of construction projects with number of products already produced Rework of activities thus increasing costs Nonnecessary construction steps Over-processing In order to reduce these wastes, the case study provided project description that provided all necessary requirements. The data below offer a clear path that this case study formulated in construction projects. Project Contract value Duration % time elapsed When LPS starts Subcontractors Project status Lean multipurpose construction project 1 6 cores 12 months 35% Structural Architectural Mechanical Electrical HVAC Flooring False ceiling 4 months behind schedule Research findings and results Data is very important as far as implementation of lean principles and tools are concerned with construction projects. The wider population, in this case, was Doha, Qatar. In that connection, there was a need to concentrate on a smaller sample size so as to represent the entire population. The sample size was determined by observing areas where lean construction was highly applicable to the population. The survey questionnaire is a form of the quantitative approach to data collection who analysis involves testing hypothesis. Therefore, the null hypothesis was formulated as follows. Null hypothesis: lean principles and tools are very applicable in enhancing a practical implementation in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. The Sample respondent to this hypothesis and positivist researcher in construction project used this opportunity to gather data. We used different companies so as to compare the implementation of lean principles and tools in construction projects. It also relates to the application of last planner system that is incorporated in lean construction. The data below indicates the response from the sample. Company Duration of operation in years Current position Experience in years Knowledge of last planner system Knowledge of lean construction View on improvement in lean construction X 2 Supervisor 4 yes Yes Positive Y 7 Foreman 3 yes yes Positive Z 4 Superintend 6 no yes Negative Source: https://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp The data above was generated from survey questionnaire concerning the case study implantation of lean principles and tools in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. Outcome of survey questionnaire From responses provided by different companies, it was very clear that lean construction was widely applicable in these companies. The following interpretations were deduced from the survey. Lean construction was widely applicable in construction projects in different companies since it facilitated project execution plan via last planner system. Last planner system was very intensive in companies X and Y. Company Z had little knowledge of this system. A better communication strategy needed to be devised so as to inform superintend the benefits of implementing lean principles and tool via last planner system. Majority of respondents were very positive about growth in lean construction in future. A negative response on the growth of lean construction was probably associated with lack of knowledge in last planner system. The figure below was analyzed to indicate the importance of using last planner system. Data were analyzed to determine the population that supported this system in lean construction. Critical success factor of the study The most critical success factor in this study was directly connected with project management team. This team used skills and knowledge to formulate strategies that propelled implementation of lean principles and tools. As asserted in the case study, Doha, Qatar faced a lot of competition in construction projects from other well-established countries that developed lean technology in construction far long ago. Thus, the top management team was so determined to implement those tools and principles in project construction. Another critical success factor, in this case, was last planner system. During the survey, a lot of respondents were very ready to implement this system. Weekly meetings were set to initiate this system and the majority of the population demonstrated a clear path to embracing the system. Identified barriers hindering achievement of full potentials of LPS The last planner system has not been applied in Doha, Qatar to an extent of creating a convincing power to a lot of construction companies. Some companies wanted to apply traditional construction system possibly because they had not witnessed the benefits associated with last planner system. The researcher faced a difficult time to describe benefits associated with last planner system. This was the main barrier. Again, some workers would fully understand how last planner system worked while others could not. This delayed the implementation process. Lastly, the system required skilled experts to perform professional tasks. However, many companies had semi-skilled constructors. Majority of subcontractor used traditional construction system at the expense of last planner system. This also hindered the achievement of the full potential of last planner system. Conclusion The world needs to have sustainable infrastructure and construction project so as to satisfy the increasing demand for customers in this fields. Clinging too much to tradition construction systems will not assist the globe to realize the full potential of construction projects and infrastructure. For that reason, Doha, Qatar applied the last planner system so as to be part of world initiator of lean construction principle and tools in the Middle East. This dedication will make construction projects sustainable. There are many other lean principles and tools that can be implemented in construction projects apart from last planner system. It is also very important to conduct a similar research in future using other tools and principles in full realization of their contribution and credibility in lean construction. Again, those limiting factors that inhibited full potential of last planner system in the case study need to be revisited so as to mitigate the possible causes as well as for mulate strategies to prevent such inhibition in future. Reference Asefeso, A, Lean in Construction: (Key to Improvement in Time, Cost and Quality), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014. Rubrich, L, An Introduction to Lean Construction: Applying Lean to Construction Organizations and Processes, WCM Associates LLC, 201 [1] A. Asefeso, Lean in Construction: (Key to Improvement in Time, Cost and Quality), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014, pp. 25-27. [2] L. Rubrich, An Introduction to Lean Construction: Applying Lean to Construction Organizations and Processes, WCM Associates LLC, 2012, pp. 36-54.

Wal mart Essay Example For Students

Wal mart Essay I am pro-choice. I am not one person, but many. Here is what I believe:The fetus is not a human, just a mass of tissue. Abortion is safer than childbirth. Every child should be a wanted child. The number of abortions is relatively small. Nobody has the right to impose their morals on me. A woman should be able to control her own body. Abortion must be kept legal, especially for all the rape and incest pregnancies. We will write a custom essay on Wal mart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now If abortion is outlawed women will be forced to go to back-alley abortion clinics. Aborting unwanted children reduces the number of abused children. We need to remember that we are overpopulating the planet. Planned Parenthood is a group that focuses on contraception. Pro-life people are diverse in economic status, race, religion, and education. Yet, they are unified by the concept that all humans, especially the innocent unborn, have an inherent right to life. Here are things I believe as a Pro-Life person:I believe that the unborn child is human. I believe that abortion is fundamentally a Civil Rights issue, I believe that the Roe v. Wade decision, legalizing abortion on demand in America, was one of the most important and devastating Supreme Court decisions. I believe that a constitutional amendment should be passed that gives equal protection to all living humans, including the unborn. I believe that the violence inside and outside abortion clinics is morally wrong. I believe that rape and incest are horrible crimes and should be punished, but I dont believe that a child conceived from either should be killed. I do not believe that the government should fund abortions. Being a religious person, I believe that the Bible backs up my views on abortion.

Dice Report Essays - Electronic Design, Breadboard, Free Essays

Dice Report Essays - Electronic Design, Breadboard, Free Essays Dice Report -741680763270My initial idea on how the program must work would be simply using DIR,OUT, and IF commands. For example, I imagined that if the button was pressed at a certain second, a certain number of lights would turn on. This program would have to then include a set timer which would loop back after hitting a certain number of seconds, supposedly 6 because the dice only has 6 numbers. This idea is a bit similar to the use of a random command, but would take much longer to code. Fig 1. Initial Dice flowchart. This was my initial dice flowchart without any animations. -629532-67158300Fig 2. Final Dice flowchart. This is my final dice flowchart which include the animations. -49276038290500-688769364972500Fig 3. Dice Layout. This diagram shows where each LED would be placed and what pins will be used. Fig 4. Entire Circuit. This photograph shows the entire circuit including the LEDs, resistors, breadboard, wiring, and BoeBot base. Fig 5. Close up on BoeBot pins. Pins 0-6 were used and the button on pin 13. Unfortunately there are two wires that were not needed and were not taken off when this photograph was taken. Red wires attached to pin 12 and last Vss pin should not be there. 0000Fig.6. Close up on actual dice. This photograph shows the layout of each LED, resistor and wiring. I have done this almost identically to the layout I had drawn before. The red wire located at the bottom of the breadboard grounds the entire breadboard. Without this wire, the dice did not work before.

Managing the HR Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing the HR Function - Essay Example So it is possible in principle to be included via representative participation (e.g., by union members or by members of the same group assessing acceptability and fairness of selection processes or instruments) (Dale, 2006). The importance of rigorous and detailed job analysis in underpinning human resource development and in sustaining an integrated approach to human resource management cannot be overestimated. Recruitment and selection procedures, training needs analysis, and appraisal procedures etc., are all likely to benefit from job or competency definitions which are produced directly from an analysis of job behaviors. As a result procedures for recruitment and selection, etc. are likely to be more accurate and less susceptible to bias and distortion than some other previously utilized techniques, for example, the traditional interview process relying on instinctive criteria or a 'gut feeling'. Person specification involves education and training information, qualifications and personal qualities. It is likely that job descriptions would conform to the framework discussed earlier for competencies. That is, they would be composed of elements which appear to be generic to most managerial positions (Dale, 2006). Second, that strong occupational sector-specific criteria are also to the fore, and third, that some considerable individuation occurring either through organization-determined or individual needs would also be present in any actual job description that applies to a particular manager in a particular organization (Wood and Payne, 1998). Information is collected about a job in a structured manner and computer analyzed in order to meet a variety of objectives; including, the specification of job tasks and job context, profiling of human attributes required for effective job performance, and the identification of relevant assessment methods. For example, a job descriptio n and person specification can be made through a questionnaire, and can be supplemented with 'validation' interviews conducted by the job analyst where the respondent is questioned about his/her responses Dale, 2006). The advantage and strength of person specifications is that the occupational standards approach advocates the use of 'range statements', describing the range of contexts and applications in which a employees would be expected to achieve the outcome. A specification of the range of contexts in which competence is to be demonstrated is not however a substitute for an assessment of competence which reflects the influence of the organizational climate/environment on an individual's actions/behavior (Wood and Payne, 1998). Where the latter is seen as a necessary and essential part of an individual's competence assessment the occupational standards approach may not, at least in its entirety, be sufficient. In order to perform the job effectively, the breadth of job related knowledge is regarded by managers as substantial across all functions. Leaders of large organizations see the job itself as undergoing basic change. It would seem necessary therefore, first, that anyone who wishes succes sfully to discharge leadership functions must anticipate coping with ongoing change in the organizational environment, and second, that he or she must recognize that leadership is itself undergoing a substantial transformation (Slowik, 2001). Person

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity is clinically more significant that Essay

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity is clinically more significant that cell mediated hypersensitivity. Discuss - Essay Example Immune system was initially separated in two branches. These were cellular immunity and the humoral immunity. The protective immunization function is found within the humor, serum or the cell-free body fluid, while the protective functions of the immunization was based in cellular immunity. The helper cells or the CD$ cells give protection against many pathogens. The Cytotoxic T cells lead to death through apoptosis without the use of cytokines, thus for the cell mediated immunity cytokines might fail to be present. Anabolic steroids are made up of some performance- enhancement drugs. These drugs do the mimicking of the testosterone inside the body and, therefore, facilitate performance by enlarging the muscle cells. These drugs if used inappropriately or at high doses or without supervisor they may cause irrational and erratic behavior and a wide range of adverse effects. Performance-enhancing drugs are used by bodybuilders, and by people of different age, right from middle-school to college students and old athletes. Anabolic steroids increase the protein production hence creating building blocks for bones, muscle cells, and body tissues. The main, side effects of the anabolic steroids is the androgenic effect, and its effect in damaging the liver (Benjamin 3). Androgenic response increases the male features like secondary characteristics, which normally come, up due to androgenic steroids. Medical indications in this case are due to inadequate production of testosterone within the body. The liver damage on the other side is influenced by the direct effect of oral steroids that gives the liver a hard time to metabolize. For many years, wise physicians have come to the realization that many human diseases could be understood as pathophysiology or a disordered physiology. In medicine, pathophysiology is one of the branches

Gangsters in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Gangsters in Malaysia Essay Longman dictionary 2005 defines gangsters as member of violent group of criminal. Gang Identifiers and Terminology, Cantrell, Mary Lynn, Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems (1992) defines gangsters as organized crime that Bootlegging activities such as importing or making illegal liquor and speakeasies where alcohol could be illegally purchased gave rise to rivalry that resulted in hired gangs of criminals and gun battles. Thompson, Tony. Gangs: A Journey into the heart of the British Underworld. (2005) London defines gangsters as a member of an organized group of criminals or racketeers. http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=gangsterism (2004) defines gangsterism as Subscribing to a course of action reminiscent of organized crime. Acting or conducting business in a way that is violent and totally without conscience. Acting like a gangster/thug/hoodlum. Running business or holding a high government position with the help of hired guns, intimidation and the occasional assassination. wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterism (2009) defines gangsterism as a gang is a group of people who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity. In current usage it typically denotes a criminal organization or else a criminal affiliation. History of Criminal Gang in Malaysia Who Are the Triads Identified? article at mynewsfocus.com (2005) stated that it is believed that Sio Sam Ong which literally means Three Little Emperors is a leading Chinese triad in Malaysia was established during the 1940’s to 1950’s; being mainly active in northern Malaysia. According to Wikipedia, A wide variety of historic gangs, such as the The Order of Assassins, Adam the Lepers gang, Indian Thugs, Chinese Triads, Snakehead, Japanese Yakuza, Irish mafia, American Old West outlaw gangs, Russian mafia and Italian Mafia crime families have existed for centuries. One of notorious gangsters in Malaysia was [2]Mamak Gang which has been active since the early 1990s. Gangsters Behavior and Activities The Star wrote in its article about Gangsterism, Gangsters are a threat to society and you can be considered a gangster if you are involved in any of these activities: Extort money from shop owners, hawkers and the like. Receive payment for threatening others or to beat someone up. Protect/cover-up gambling, prostitution, and drug trafficking syndicates. Ransom people for money. Be a part of organized crime. Force anyone to join a gang and its illegal activities. Attend a gang’s swearing-in ceremony. Engage in â€Å"table talk† or a fight with other gang members. Beat people up or destroy property of those who refuse to follow the gang’s commands. Gangsterism Amongst Youth in Malaysia [3]Yayasan Da’wah Foundation Malaysia (2007) in its article about â€Å"gangsterism amongst youth†, it is indeed saddening to witness our children change from a loving person, obedient and loyal to a person that likes to hurt, bully, shout, ill mannered, aggressive, rude and could not care less about others. They are involved in gangsters since their early age. There is a case where a father from Seremban called in the police and accused them of holding on to his son. That is the only thing that he could do. Just imagine how painful it was. Each group of gangsters have a symbol and of their own. It does not matter whether they are new or whether it is relevant the world of gangsterism, they all have a logo, a signal or a sign of their own. If you child waves to his friend in an explicit manner, be warned. Other than that, absenteeism from school maybe one of the indications that they have joined a gangsters organization. Internal Security Ministry Parliamentary Secretary Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop in an article by Daily Express on Wednesday, July 28, (2004) said that the Emergency Ordinance (Public Order and Crime Prevention) 1969 can be enforced on students involved in extortion and gangsterism. [4]Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop also commented that there were 1,502 cases in 2000, 1,324 cases in 2001, 1,136 cases in 2002 and in 2003 1,429 cases were reported. Among crimes usually committed by students were murder, robbery, rape, housebreaking, theft, using force, molest and receiving stolen property. In 2000, there were 1,152 cases involving students aged between 13 and 15, and 1,398 cases involving student aged between 16 and 18. The police always made efforts to overcome the problem of crimes among students by giving lectures and holding exhibitions at schools to increase student awareness on crimes and drugs and encourage students to join [5]Police Cadets to enhance their discipline and launch special operations to check unhealthy activities at entertainment outlets. Ways to Prevent Gangsterism Yayasan Da’wah Foundation Malaysia (2007) in its article about â€Å"gangsterism† amongst youth stated that several ways to prevent gangsterism. Studies indicate that the prime cause for children joining gangsters today is due to being able to collect money easily; to acquire drugs and to see protection. Some youths are bullied into joining. If they are afraid, or feel shame and easily bullied, their friends may threaten them by saying, â€Å"If you do not join our group, watch out! However if you are together with us, we will protect you and we will make you rich and feared!† Love Your Children. Just because he has made a mistake, do not leave him to fend for himself or to allow him to go astray. He will become more involved in social crimes. Just reflect over having a child delivering drugs for a group in comparison to your friend’s child who ends up becoming a doctor. You will most certainly ask as to where did you go wrong? You are only wrong if you neglect the well being of your child. Self-Confidence. Instill within your child with something that can never be changed, notably, confidence in himself. It has been proven that children that possess a high degree confidence in themselves are not involved in gangsterism. Parental Love. Parental love from the very beginning is very important in the shaping of your child’s future. If there is little love at home, then it will be sought off elsewhere. The same is applicable to money. If they do not receive it, they will seek it elsewhere. Make sure that you always are concerned and observe who your child mixes with and know where he is every time. If he has a cell phone, check if he has switched it off so that you c annot call him.

Tasting Colors and Feeling Sounds :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Tasting Colors and Feeling Sounds: Modes of Reality Each individual experiences reality in a different way. Show ten people the same picture, and each will present a different description of the scene. We all live in the same world and yet we all have different philosophies and ideas about reality and life. What do these differences tell us about objective reality? Do our senses detect the same reality, or does each person see a different picture in her head? To some extent, this difference seems to hold true. What holds significance for me does not seem important to other people. The reality I grasp is unique to me. For a small portion of people their sensory reality differs radically from the accepted norms of society (1). They suffer from a rare condition, synesthesia, which remains constant throughout their lives. Synaesthetes, instead of having their senses in concrete, separate blocks, blend different senses. Many merge their perceptions of words and numbers with different colors. In stronger cases, people see colors and shapes floating in their visual field when they hear certain musical tones. In one extreme case, a man felt specific tactile sensations when he smelled different things. Even more radically, some scientists now say all humans may have undifferentiated senses in early stages of development. This paper will explore the understanding of synesthesia in terms of sensory development. The first of four sections will establish contemporary criteria for synesthesia and will evaluate its usefulness. >From this foundation, the paper will explore the possible associative origins of their condition. It will then analyze the shared physical characteristics among synaesthetes, and the origins of synesthesia in infants. Finally, this paper will examine the neurological basis for synesthesia in adult synaesthetes. Definitions Synaesthetes experience "cross-modal" sensory associations involuntarily, such that the experience of one sense stimulates the sensations of another (1). Cytowic defines five features of clinical synesthesia (1). First, people experience synesthetic phenomena involuntarily whenever presented with a certain stimulus. The experience is not a forced association, but one the subject has felt since birth. Also, an actively-induced synesthetic perception, rather than a passive experience, is not a genuine phenomenon. Synaesthetes project the sensation into peri-personal space; they sense an actual physical quality outside of the self, not an internal sensation or aura. In addition, the triggered synesthetic perceptions remain constant over time and are unelaborated, generic perceptions. Synaesthetes report the experiences to be memorable, and emotional.

Sarbanes-Oxley

Securities Exchange Commission is the highest authority which administers and monitors the audit of U. S Listed Companies at NYSE, NASDAQ and Dow Zones. All U. S. Listed Companies which get traded at U. S. bourses, have to comply with the FASB rules and practice GAAP standards of accounting. Non-compliance to any of the auditing rules prescribed by GAAP would be seriously viewed. U. S. Federal Government works in the interest of public investors and it expects all public companies to work in a transparent method by disclosing fair transactions in annual financial statements of all public companies. Particularly, with the collapse of Enron, which is the world’s largest corporation, which shocked the entire corporate world, with the clean opinion of company’s auditor. , Arthur Anderson. The emphasis here is more on auditing committees and board of directors of the company who must participate and work without any prejudicial interest, with the fact that Board of Directors are the fiduciary officers of a company who work and intermediate between shareholders and management of the company whereas Auditors are the representatives of public investors who must in all respects protect and safeguard the investments of public. In spite of highly qualified CFOs, COOs and CEOs, who are penalized for falling part of the non-compliance, officers also invite criminal charges. In order to prevent future scandals in corporate America and also to protect all the investments of investors, President Bush signed the law of SOX on 30th July, 2002 and it was passed through Congress for unanimous support. For the common investor, SOX is a great saver and also enables complete transparency about a public listed company. Further this is also in the interest of Federal Government whose responsibility to safeguard the international businesses and nation’s economy. Discrepancies found in Enron that laid foundation to SOX Enron filed bankruptcy in the year 2001 and the company’s share dropped down from $ 90 per share to $ 0. 30 cents per share. Fortune magazine named Enron as â€Å"America’s most innovative Company†. Enron had nearly $ 101 billion revenues prior to the filing of bankruptcy and it was the most successful company in United States in supplying electricity and natural gas. Surprisingly, all the credit rating agencies viz. , S&P, Moody’s Investors Service, Fitch Rating have given all good credit ratings until Enrol filed Chapter 11. According to SOX reporting standards , some of the discrepancies found in Enron are viz. , successive resignations of management, inaccurate and unreliable financial statements, CEO stock sales during blackout period, nondisclosure of earlier CEO stock sales, off-balance sheet transactions to hide losses, destruction of documentation and rigging of ratings. After three months of collapse of Enron, another giant Internet company Global Crossing Ltd. , filed its bankruptcy indicating its financial condition. WorldCom followed by Tyco went completely bankrupt indicating disability to run the companies any longer. One common factor in all of the above companies, is either mismanagement or non-practice of professional accounting procedures which yielded the companies to its last stage of fate and certainly, this could have been prevented by methodical and professional accounting procedures particularly with the authentication and certification of Auditors who in all probability are relied upon by the SEC and Federal Government. Therefore, the emphasis here is that auditors have to be free and fair in certifying the financial statements and in order to thoroughly screen the public companies, without leaving any scope for fraudulent account procedures, U. S. Government has initiated SOX law in the year 2002. (Jill Gilbert Welytok Sarbanes-Oxley for Dummies) Literature Review What is SOX law? Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 also called as SOX is mandatory for all organisations including large and small. This legislation is aimed at enforcement of financial practices, regulations and to ensure corporate governance. Sarbanes-Oxley is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley, who were main designers in setting number of deadlines for the compliance of legislation. SOX is arrnaged in eleven titles. Some of the most importance sections with regard to the compliance are sec. 302, 401, 404, 409, 802 and 906. Compliance through SOX has to be performed methodically, through proper analysis and study. After a thorough work, SOX leaves no scope for any fraud or misrepresentation of facts and figures and by far, it recommends all the organisations to act in a credible manner stating that â€Å"don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today! † in order to save companies and also refraining from adverse consequences caused by lenient views either by audit committees or by the management of the companies. SOX has helped many companies to draw benefit from the compliance of regulations as it provides a clear picture of financial status of the company and to those who would like to have to access to the information about a particular company. Further, this also helps the U. S Government to keep a watchful eye on the financial status of companies and keeps a vigilance on the financial system of companies. (A guide to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002) Methods Section 302 of SOX This section is listed under Title III of the Act and details about â€Å"Corporate Responsibility for Financial Reports†. Section 302 states that periodic filing of statutory financial reports should be certified by the signing officers who must review the report. The report must not contain any untrue or false statements or omissions or misleading statements. The financial statements must state only related information which is fairly presented and must also reflect on the financial condition of the company and must also details the results of all material facts and aspects. The signing officers are responsible for all internal controls and must evaluate these internal controls within previous 3 months and must have reported on the findings. A list of all deficiencies if any found, in the internal controls or any fraud information that involves the employees of the company who are involved in internal activities must be stated. Any significant change or observation made by the signing officers, within internal controls which can negatively impact must be reported by the officers. All the provisions of this Section cannot be avoided by transferring or reincorporating the activities of a company outside United States. Whether company is operating within United States or outside United States, must comply with this Section as a registered company under Securities Exchange Commission. (A guide to Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002, summary of section 302) Section 401 of SOX This section is listed under Title IV of the Act and discusses about â€Å"Disclosure in Periodic Reports†. Financial statements published must be accurate and must not contain any incorrect statements or admit the fact that material information is stated. Financial statements apart from regular Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet, also include off-Balance Sheet liabilities, obligations or any transactions. To this effect, the Commission would study and report with a complete analysis of off-Balance Sheet transactions and to what extent these are transparent. The Commission has also to decide whether GAAP principles or any other regulations are resulting in its reporting. Section 404 of SOX This section is listed under Title IV of the Act and discusses about â€Å"Management Assessment of Internal Controls†. All Annual Reports of companies have to publish information about the scope and adequacy of the internal control structure and other procedures with regard to financial reporting. This statement must also confirm the effectiveness about internal controls and procedures. A registered accounting firm can also attest and report on the assessment and about effectiveness of the internal control procedures for financial reporting. Section 409 of SOX This section is listed under the Title IV of the Act and details about â€Å"Real Time Issuer Disclosures†. Issuers are required to provide information on material changes pertaining to financial conditions or changes. Public must have access to information on urgent basis and no delay can be made. These disclosures have to be presented in an easy and understanding manner and the information should be qualitative with graphic presentations as required. Section 802 of SOX This section is listed in Title VIII of the Act and pertains to the â€Å"Criminal Penalties for Altering Documents†. This section states that penalties and fines or imprisonment up to 20 years is levied on the persons who are responsible for altering, destroying, concealing, falsifying records or documents or tangible objects. This act done either with an intention to obstruct, impede or to influence a legal investigation is seriously viewed by the SOX officers. Further this section also imposes penalty or fine or imprisonment up to 10 years on any accountant who knowingly or willfully violates the provisions of this section or violates the maintenance of audit or review of papers for a period of 5 years. Discussion SOX is divided into many parts and each part carries certain specific rules and regulations which are prescribed for easy understanding of corporates. SEC-Rules states about SOX SEC Rules and Regulations, which states that officers have to certify about the maintenance, regularity and establishment of effectiveness of the issuer’s internal controls. IC-Primer states about internal control framework, risk control, assessments, audit programs relating to Sections 302 and 404 regarding Certification of Disclosure and Managements’ Internal Controls and Procedures. This framework established by COSO/SAS-78. SOX Act 2002 is aimed at to improve the quality and transparency in financial reporting, independent audit and accounting services for public companies and also to create a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, to work towards setting up of standards for best accounting practices and also to strengthen the independence of audit firms who audit public companies. Further SOX is aimed at to increase the corporate responsibility and the useful advantages of financial disclosure, to protect the independence of securities analyst and also to improve the Securities and Exchange Commission resources for all purposes. SOA-Manual lists all the key dates and timetable, self-assessment questionnaires, definitions relating to Titles II and III regarding Auditor Independence and Corporate Responsibility. Forms have to be prepared independently or by the assistantship of a practitioner who is engaged to perform accounting compliance services. (Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002, Financial and Accounting Disclosure Information) According to Pricewaterhouse Coopers Report 2006, â€Å"Audit Committees Effectiveness, what works best† focus and emphasis is more on financial statements, compliance and ethics, relationship with external auditors, risk management and internal control which discuss as to how effective practice of auditing can be conducted in organizations. There is also an emphasis about external auditing and internal auditing which is conducted periodically within the internal environment by internal audit committees and whose report can reveal much accounting information about the recording of business transactions of organizations. After the year 2002, which witnessed the unfortunate events in U. S. corporate sector, the entire corporate world, stood up for more accuracy and correct presentation in financial statements. A quote which states â€Å"prevention is better than cure† which is applicable in health, is also now applicable to corporate sector with the fact that, companies would never reach to the last stage of liquidation or bankruptcy, if the companies had been properly conducting internal audits and external audit, and thoroughly complying with the auditing procedures and has been GAAP accounting practices, worst state-of-affairs could have been prevented and many companies could be saved. Another development in the corporate sector that is to be noted is, loss making companies or companies that are performing low in business, are finding many potential ways to save the companies by mergers or acquisitions. In the recent years, throughout the world there have many mergers and acquisitions (M&A). For example Daimler-Benz is now called as DaimlerChrysler, JP Morgan & Chase Co. , purchased Bank One Corp, CitiCorp purchased Travelers Group, AT&T Inc purchased Bell South Corporation. It can be stated here that, M&A activity saved many companies in the past decade and even saved jobs of many people. Apart from M&A activity, SOX Act is equally protecting companies and public investments and there can be absolute assurance about the compliance of SOX regulations. This is due to the fact SOX aims at checking the fraudulent working of organizations. From another angle, SOX Act credibility is also being questioned by the legislative authorities and another alternative is also being looked for future business regulations. According to the authorities, who believe that the advantages of SOX would never last long which is why another source of compliance is being searched. (How Does The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Impact American Business? ) However, the Federal Government continues to update SOX mandates and in the year 2007, U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved new auditing standard for internal controls. In order to bring more awareness about auditing, SEC and PCAOB are encouraging auditors to undertake risk-based approach in the evaluation of internal controls on financial reporting of public companies. There are many benefits from SOX compliance such as findings can be used in evaluations, it would reduce the costs associated with risk assessment, it would also reveal the risks that an organization is confronted with and the remedial measures available to manage risk, help companies to begin groundwork for risk assessment and to introduce more regulations and specifications and further a risk management program can be developed through SOX compliance. As stated above the success of SOX is quite benefiting to both American companies as well U. S. Federal Government with the fact that SOX identifies assets and activities, monitors the activities and ensures accuracy in financial statements which is the most important activity in checking the health of a listed company. Access to data wherever required demonstrates and indicates the practice of Accounting Standards according to FASB Rules and it reveals complete business transactions of a company. SOX can also retrieve entire events, records, commands given to data server and find out whether there is any mismanagement, forgery or fraudulent activity in the accounting procedures. SOX also generates audit reports which gives a full length of information about each and every company. The information that is provided by SOX enables Government to take necessary steps to issues notices or memos to U. S companies to make necessary corrections wherever required and can also provide plans for remedial measures to save the companies from liquidation. SOX is a wake up call for many American businesses and also to all those foreign companies which are venturing into business with American companies. Conclusion SOX continues to keep the companies under check and investigation about the compliance of accounting procedures as laid in FASB Rules and also about the compliance of auditing procedures in internal controls. It is very difficult for American companies to evade any procedures which come under the purview of SOX and therefore, there is expected to be a neat and clean organizations with excellent auditing committees.

Erich Remarque s The Red Badge Of Courage Essay - 1873 Words

Erich Remarque-A. Wheen-John Groth - Printed at the Spiral Press for the individuals from the Limited Editions Club – 1969. Looked into By, Michael Anderson, Shepherd University. Erich Maria Remarque was conceived in Osnabruck, Germany, in 1898 into a lower-working class family. In 1916, he was drafted into the German armed force to battle in World War I, in which he was gravely injured. Ten years after the war finished, he distributed I m Western Nights Neuse, converted into English a year later as All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel about the encounters of conventional German fighters amid the war. In spite of the fact that different books, most strikingly Stephen Crane s The Red Badge of Courage (1895), had investigated the viciousness and severity of war in a sensible light, the abstract convention of war stories still tended overwhelmingly toward romanticized beliefs of eminence, enterprise, and respect. In introducing his dismally reasonable variant of an officer s experience, Remarque stripped the common sentimentalism from the war story in the staunchly antiwar All Quiet on the Western Front. The novel immediately turned into a universal, widely praised achievement. An American motion picture in light of the book was discharged in 1930. After Adolf Hitler s ascent to control in Germany in the mid-1930s, the furiously nationalistic Nazi administration assaulted All Quiet on the Western Front and Remarque as unpatriotic. Remarque made no endeavor to opposeShow MoreRelatedA Comparison between the Two Novels The Red Badge of Courage and All Quiet on The Western Front990 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings and also shows how they are killed indiscriminately in war. Finally the line ironically contains an iambic pentameter which is a natural rhythm for such dark, grim, dull subject. The two novels, The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane, and All Quiet on The Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, both present a similar idea of how soldiers are killed out there in the front comprehensively and the dehumanization of war towards its soldiers. The first novel is set during the Civil War, and it focuses