Is The Criminal Justice System Racially Biased Essay

Is the Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Most criminologist use two sources of criminal justice data in the United States: the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS). The URC data is made from law enforcement agencies and include crime incidents reported to or obtained by the police. NCVS data is obtained from a very complex national survey of a sample of homes and provide information about crime incidents and victims for both reported and unreported crimes, excluding homicide. For my report I obtained research information from questionnaires and from several text books. I gave the questionnaire concerning bias in the criminal justice system to four whites, four blacks, one Asia, and one†¦show more content†¦Blacks however are on the outskirts of that moral community or in another different moral community. Ultimately whites and blacks do not relate to and understand the Criminal Justice System the same for they view and react to the actions of authorities based on their life experiences caused by race and SES nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I stated earlier that blacks and whites are in different moral communities, this means that the normal excepted behavior for one group is not the same for the other group. We can prove this with statistics. The median family income for whites is 38,909 and for blacks it is 21,161. This shows that blacks earn 54% of what whites earn. In addition, 4% of whites are unemployed, while 8% of blacks are unemployed. This shows that blacks are unemployed at a rate of 200% compared with unemployed whites. Also, 9% of whites live in poverty, compared with 31% of blacks living in poverty. This is an astonishing figure that states 344% of blacks live in unacceptable conditions compared with whites. What does all of this mean? Where and how you live decide who you are, and contribute to labelling. Obviously, blacks have a lower SES and fall victim to a self-fulfilling prophecy and labels. The problem arises when quot;the Criminal Justice System discriminates against these groups of citizensquot; (Henslin 182). In William Chambliss study of quot;Saints and Roughnecksquot; he proved thatShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Racial Corruption In The Criminal Justice System1678 Words   |  7 Pages Racial Corruption in the Criminal Justice System It appears that the criminal justice system is racially biased. Instead of the criminal justice system giving all of the citizens of the United States of America the same civil treatment, it treats all individuals differently based upon the color of an individual’s skin. What does it mean to be racially biased? Being racially biased is known as to judge one by his or her physical appearance. Treating people of color unfairly is still common toRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many ways the criminal justice system plays a huge role in the discrimination against all people of color. Mostly, there are a wide range of studies within the African American communities that expresses concern, prejudice, and even racial profiling in the criminal justice system pertaining to blacks. Judges, jurors, police officers, and even marriages are key roles of the societal disadvantages African Americans have. African Americans a re even being arrested more than any other race inRead MoreProtection of White Superiority in Americas Justice System Essays1672 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fairness of its criminal justice system, a system that promises to protect the lives, liberties, and property of all citizens. As the threat of being a victim of a crime applies to all citizens of the United States, most Americans would agree that wrongdoers must be punished in order to maintain a safe and civil society. However, as demonstrated in Michelle Alexander’s book The New Jim Crow and Spike Lee’s film Do The Right Thing, the United States’ criminal justice system is a modern form ofRead MoreTo Whom It May Concern: Though The Death Penalty Is Administered1727 Words   |  7 Pagessupport either of these goals. Therefore, it is within this letter that I state that the death penalty should no longer be used. In recent years, it has been found, that the death penalty exhibits cruel and unusual punishmen t, as well as being racially biased. Additionally, there is an ever-growing vote that the death penalty should no longer be continued by U.S. Americana citizens. The death penalty, then, is no longer a viable form of punishment. Reasons for Going Against the Death Penalty DeterrenceRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentences For Nonviolent Drug Related Offences1031 Words   |  5 PagesMandatory minimum sentences are the backbone of a racially unjust, overpopulated, and overpriced criminal justice system. The Smarter Sentencing Act is a bill that aims to reduce the mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug related offences. â€Å"The United States has five percent of the world’s population, and twenty five percent of the world’s prisoners. Our prison population has grown eight hundred percent in the last thirty years, mostly because of changes in state and federal sentencingRead MoreThe Impact Of Crime Policy On Crime And The Administration Of Justice1634 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1: Nature, Extent, Impact of Crime Policy on Crime the Administration of Justice in the U.S. The challenge of crime policy is that crime is not evenly distributed across the socio-economic population. There are a multitude of reasons why this is a fact, but what is important to know, is that it greatly impacts crime policy. Criminal justice policies have vastly changed, especially in the last fifty years, in an effort to respond to citizens’ needs because of the uneven distribution of crimeRead MoreAn Argument Against Racial Profiling by Police1379 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary is â€Å"the assumption of criminality among ethnic groups: the alleged policy of some police to attribute criminal intentions to members of some ethnic groups and to stop and question them in disproportionate numbers without probable cause (â€Å"Racial Profiling†).† In other words racial profiling is making assumptions that certain individuals are more likely to be involved in misconduct or criminal activity based on that individual’s race or ethnicity. Racial profili ng propels a brutalizing message toRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagessentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts (Kerby 2).† Portrayals in the media have depicted black men as thugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate in society. Because of racial disparities that occur in the UnitedRead MoreRacism Is A System Of Power And Privilege1718 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Racism is a system of power and privilege; it can be manifested in people’s attitudes but is rooted in society’s structure† (Collins, 2016). In the history of America, racism has been an on-going issue. Many people would argue that Am ericans have come a long way from where America used to be, and while that is true, why should the American people be satisfied with just that? Why not fight for complete transformation? Today the United States is more diverse than ever; however, diversity doesn’tRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Must First Achieve Respect And Trust1452 Words   |  6 PagesTo gain the willing cooperation of the public, the law enforcement must first achieve respect and trust. Respect is earned over a long period of time from doing heroic and fair acts of justice. Most Americans have a tremendous amount of respect for police officer, however, racial biased events in the past have skewed that respect. America needs its officers to be viewed with respect, but they must earn it first. That may sound very selfish and naive but it is crucial for trust between citizens and

Apply Construction Organizations Processes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Apply Construction Organizations Processes? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the concept of lean principles and tools in terms of execution of construction projects. Therefore, the main aim is to analyze a practical implementation of lean principles and tools (last planer) in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. Lean principles and tools are very applicable in the construction industry for projects that need to be profitable in the future. There are many tools that can be applied in lean technology so as to minimize wastes in materials, labour, and other resources in order to maximize profit margin. Qatar is a developing country in terms of growth and development of infrastructure and other construction projects. In that case, a developing country may not have modern technology to design remarkable infrastructures and construction projects. The main cause of this assertion is due to competition in the construction industry and lack of appropriate mechanisms to maximize profit margins along with minimization of wastes associated with construction projects. In that case, implementation of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar will bear significant progress in designing infrastructure and construction projects. Doha, Qatar is a place that attracts millions of tourists every year from all corners of the globe. Therefore, the sustainability of construction projects needs to be well established so as to satisfy the rising demand from customers. Implementation of lean principles and tools brings more value to the development of infrastructure. This is because more quality work is delivered using fewer resources. This is because the implementation process of these tools and principles is associated with low costs, ability to reduce wastes, saving time in construction projects and capital committed to these projects is also well planned. Again, the process applies less human efforts thus becoming labour intensive. Lean technology also applies tools and principles to design construction projects and infrastructure through the use of less space as compared to traditional systems of construction projects[1]. Construction companies operating in Doha, Qatar will be in a position to initiate a construc tion program that will provide quality products and services that are less costly. These products and services are also characterized will lack defects, unlike traditional construction system that produced products that are defective. Lastly, due to global development in construction projects, Doha, Qatar will be recognized as part of the major contributors in the implementation of lean tools and principles so as to satisfy and respond to desires raised by customers. It will also produce products and projects that will sustain the economy of Qatar in the next couple of generations. It is also important to recognize the efforts of the Toyota Corporation in Japan Auto industry. This was the origin of lean principles. In that case, lean construction is a combination of construction operational research and practical development in design in the construction process. Initially, construction projects were implemented through the use of traditional construction systems. However, upon the development of lean processing, Japan initiated a construction model that was referred as lean construction model. This was used to initiate construction projects as well as to propel their execution. Last planner system Lean principles and tools have been used to initiate construction projects for many years. There are many tools that have been designed by experts to execute these projects. In this case, we consider last planer system as the main tool that Doha, Qatar can use to facilitate a practical implementation in construction projects. The planner system was developed to initiate a clear path in lean construction so as to deliver construction objectives. In that case, the main ideology that planner system managed to initiate was based on productivity in the construction industry. Therefore, the system became very effective in cases where Construction Company aims to maximize productivity as well as reduces costs such as capital investment, space of operation, labour, resources and completion time. Last planner system is a very significant concept in project management, especially in construction projects management. This system is very applicable in different control units. The two main units in construction that apply this concept include workflow control unit and production unit control. These units work collectively to deliver a unique project execution plan. If we consider the conditions in Doha, Qatar, we realize that the concept of lean construction is very applicable since soil texture in Doha, Qatar required lean construction designs to lay down a sustainable construction project. Construction projects are associated with wastage in terms of materials, labour, space, capital investment and project completion time. Considering the rising demand for a construction project in Qatar, then there is need to adopt lean principles and tools that suggest application of last planner system. This will assist companies in Doha, Qatar to produce quality projects that are sustainable in future. There will be lean implementation phase that will offer solutions to wastage. The lean construction phase will also determine wastage in construction projects and devices mitigation strategies to minimize wastes[2]. Projects are not permanent production systems. Therefore, it is very important to use last planner system so as to initiate the process of value maximization and waste minimization. The main idea of applying lean construction principles and tools is to deliver quality products. Lean construction projects are safer, they are easy to manage, best quality, low costs and appr opriate completion time. Last planner system integrated with other lean construction principles and tools. Lastly, the best approach to last planner system is time management. The system has the ability to initiate project execution timeline. This time schedule can be planned based on project construction phase. Each construction phase may be allocated a particular period of time to be initiated and executed. This can either be weekly or monthly based on decisions set by project management team. Each phase also needs to determine the level of wastes. It is easier to reduce a given quantity of waste once the construction project is initiated. Last planner system of a production unit is also necessary for supporting construction projects. It is triggered by planned accomplishment. It also determines other alternatives that can be applied in construction projects so as to deliver projects in scheduled timelines. In order to support lean projects, each section of last planner system is very feasible. Lean project planning and execution will not be viable if construction team ignore contributions of last planner system. The figure below demonstrates how last planner system operates. Last planner system Source: Turner Construction Co. 9/ 2013 If construction companies in Doha, Qatar can apply this system in executing construction projects, then there is a high likelihood of maximizing value in the economy as well as minimization of costs and wastes in construction. This system will enable Doha, Qatar to move from the previous project construction level to a higher level as indicated in the figure below. Source: lean construction institute 2013 From the figure above, construction projects in Doha, Qatar are performed better each year due to the application of last planner system in lean construction. Benefits of last planner system in construction projects There are remarkable benefits that can be associated with last planner system in lean construction. In that case, these advantages propel projects in delivery time and quality. These benefits involve the following conversations: Collaborative Programming this involves the integration of project teams so as to deliver construction projects in the most desirable manner. In that case, this kind of programming enhances consultation of different teams so as to make the most feasible decisions and judgments concerning a particular project. Again, through this platform, teams are able to arrange meetings for project execution. Meetings can be held weekly to initiate the weekly plan. Make Ready this process is meant to set the projects into progress. In that case, all the necessary requirements are set so as to propel execution plan. This process facilitates projects execution in different phases until project completion. Production Planning planning is the most important task to perform a project. Last planner system facilitates this kind of planning through project delivery program and project time engagement. Production Management this involves project management team. Last planner system provides the best management team to initiate project execution. This is because, lean tools and principles provide guidelines on project management in term of timeline, costs, wastage and other alternatives. Measurement, learning and continual improvement- this is very evident from the figure above. Each year, the level of construction projects implemented by application of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar has been increasing each year. This is a key positive indicator that last planner system is very beneficial in terms of measurement, learning, and continual improvement. The concept of last planner system in lean construction is highly vested in productivity. If the management team apply this system to the letter, then construction projects will be established within the most appropriate timeline. It also allows reflection sessions in weekly dates. This allows project team members to reflect on what has been achieved as well as determine mistakes made to avoid recurrence in the future. Methodology The case study on the implementation of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar was a beginning to remarkable progress in construction projects in the area for many years. The mode of implementation in those projects was initiated through traditional construction system before the establishment of lean construction technology. Doha construction industries in Qatar applied last planner system in construction projects after the company realized how competitive construction process was in Qatar. Foreign companies offered better products and services in lean construction which made Doha lose many of the customers. Therefore, to regain a competitive advantage in this implementation, intensive research was conducted in last planner system. It was also integrated with lean principles and tools to upgrade projects in construction. Through formulation and testing of hypothesis, last planner system played a very significant role in project management and construction execution plan. In addition, this case study report also provide an implementation plan that was initiated by construction team so as to deliver quality projects, appropriate completion periods, low costs, minimized wastage and maximization of wealth margin. The research conducted in this field was performed by a positivist researcher who formulated the most appropriate hypothesis to offer a practical implementation of leans principles and tools in construction projects in Doha, Qatar. This hypothesis was very correct and was accepted. In that case, the level of construction projects implemented through lean principles and tools improved in Doha, Qatar as demonstrated by the figure below. lean construction institute 2013 This progress was achieved after construction project management team formulated the following steps in order to realize the slight improvement each year. The project management team managed to lay down strategies so as to outdo competitors. In that case, application of last planner system assisted the implementation of lean principles and tools which in return produced quality products and services. The team also compared the sustainability of those projects in line with lean construction. The numerous researches on most appropriate implementation plan assessed and project team selected the best plan out of the list provided. There were weekly meeting that provided a reflection on what was accomplished as well as validate what needed to be done. A better plan was formulated to minimize wastage in future. Case study background This case study involved lean construction that was applied in Doha, Qatar. This case study was formulated in the construction industry that increasingly trended forward. This process was implemented and applied to value stream mapping. This was a sustainable construction project that applied construction tools. In this case, lean principles and tools were applied to install underground pipelines in Doha, Qatar. This case study also laid down strategies to minimize wastes. This can be demonstrated in the data below. Examples of waste in construction Waste types Rise in costs of construction projects with number of products already produced Rework of activities thus increasing costs Nonnecessary construction steps Over-processing In order to reduce these wastes, the case study provided project description that provided all necessary requirements. The data below offer a clear path that this case study formulated in construction projects. Project Contract value Duration % time elapsed When LPS starts Subcontractors Project status Lean multipurpose construction project 1 6 cores 12 months 35% Structural Architectural Mechanical Electrical HVAC Flooring False ceiling 4 months behind schedule Research findings and results Data is very important as far as implementation of lean principles and tools are concerned with construction projects. The wider population, in this case, was Doha, Qatar. In that connection, there was a need to concentrate on a smaller sample size so as to represent the entire population. The sample size was determined by observing areas where lean construction was highly applicable to the population. The survey questionnaire is a form of the quantitative approach to data collection who analysis involves testing hypothesis. Therefore, the null hypothesis was formulated as follows. Null hypothesis: lean principles and tools are very applicable in enhancing a practical implementation in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. The Sample respondent to this hypothesis and positivist researcher in construction project used this opportunity to gather data. We used different companies so as to compare the implementation of lean principles and tools in construction projects. It also relates to the application of last planner system that is incorporated in lean construction. The data below indicates the response from the sample. Company Duration of operation in years Current position Experience in years Knowledge of last planner system Knowledge of lean construction View on improvement in lean construction X 2 Supervisor 4 yes Yes Positive Y 7 Foreman 3 yes yes Positive Z 4 Superintend 6 no yes Negative Source: https://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp The data above was generated from survey questionnaire concerning the case study implantation of lean principles and tools in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. Outcome of survey questionnaire From responses provided by different companies, it was very clear that lean construction was widely applicable in these companies. The following interpretations were deduced from the survey. Lean construction was widely applicable in construction projects in different companies since it facilitated project execution plan via last planner system. Last planner system was very intensive in companies X and Y. Company Z had little knowledge of this system. A better communication strategy needed to be devised so as to inform superintend the benefits of implementing lean principles and tool via last planner system. Majority of respondents were very positive about growth in lean construction in future. A negative response on the growth of lean construction was probably associated with lack of knowledge in last planner system. The figure below was analyzed to indicate the importance of using last planner system. Data were analyzed to determine the population that supported this system in lean construction. Critical success factor of the study The most critical success factor in this study was directly connected with project management team. This team used skills and knowledge to formulate strategies that propelled implementation of lean principles and tools. As asserted in the case study, Doha, Qatar faced a lot of competition in construction projects from other well-established countries that developed lean technology in construction far long ago. Thus, the top management team was so determined to implement those tools and principles in project construction. Another critical success factor, in this case, was last planner system. During the survey, a lot of respondents were very ready to implement this system. Weekly meetings were set to initiate this system and the majority of the population demonstrated a clear path to embracing the system. Identified barriers hindering achievement of full potentials of LPS The last planner system has not been applied in Doha, Qatar to an extent of creating a convincing power to a lot of construction companies. Some companies wanted to apply traditional construction system possibly because they had not witnessed the benefits associated with last planner system. The researcher faced a difficult time to describe benefits associated with last planner system. This was the main barrier. Again, some workers would fully understand how last planner system worked while others could not. This delayed the implementation process. Lastly, the system required skilled experts to perform professional tasks. However, many companies had semi-skilled constructors. Majority of subcontractor used traditional construction system at the expense of last planner system. This also hindered the achievement of the full potential of last planner system. Conclusion The world needs to have sustainable infrastructure and construction project so as to satisfy the increasing demand for customers in this fields. Clinging too much to tradition construction systems will not assist the globe to realize the full potential of construction projects and infrastructure. For that reason, Doha, Qatar applied the last planner system so as to be part of world initiator of lean construction principle and tools in the Middle East. This dedication will make construction projects sustainable. There are many other lean principles and tools that can be implemented in construction projects apart from last planner system. It is also very important to conduct a similar research in future using other tools and principles in full realization of their contribution and credibility in lean construction. Again, those limiting factors that inhibited full potential of last planner system in the case study need to be revisited so as to mitigate the possible causes as well as for mulate strategies to prevent such inhibition in future. Reference Asefeso, A, Lean in Construction: (Key to Improvement in Time, Cost and Quality), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014. Rubrich, L, An Introduction to Lean Construction: Applying Lean to Construction Organizations and Processes, WCM Associates LLC, 201 [1] A. Asefeso, Lean in Construction: (Key to Improvement in Time, Cost and Quality), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014, pp. 25-27. [2] L. Rubrich, An Introduction to Lean Construction: Applying Lean to Construction Organizations and Processes, WCM Associates LLC, 2012, pp. 36-54.

Wal mart Essay Example For Students

Wal mart Essay I am pro-choice. I am not one person, but many. Here is what I believe:The fetus is not a human, just a mass of tissue. Abortion is safer than childbirth. Every child should be a wanted child. The number of abortions is relatively small. Nobody has the right to impose their morals on me. A woman should be able to control her own body. Abortion must be kept legal, especially for all the rape and incest pregnancies. We will write a custom essay on Wal mart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now If abortion is outlawed women will be forced to go to back-alley abortion clinics. Aborting unwanted children reduces the number of abused children. We need to remember that we are overpopulating the planet. Planned Parenthood is a group that focuses on contraception. Pro-life people are diverse in economic status, race, religion, and education. Yet, they are unified by the concept that all humans, especially the innocent unborn, have an inherent right to life. Here are things I believe as a Pro-Life person:I believe that the unborn child is human. I believe that abortion is fundamentally a Civil Rights issue, I believe that the Roe v. Wade decision, legalizing abortion on demand in America, was one of the most important and devastating Supreme Court decisions. I believe that a constitutional amendment should be passed that gives equal protection to all living humans, including the unborn. I believe that the violence inside and outside abortion clinics is morally wrong. I believe that rape and incest are horrible crimes and should be punished, but I dont believe that a child conceived from either should be killed. I do not believe that the government should fund abortions. Being a religious person, I believe that the Bible backs up my views on abortion.

Dice Report Essays - Electronic Design, Breadboard, Free Essays

Dice Report Essays - Electronic Design, Breadboard, Free Essays Dice Report -741680763270My initial idea on how the program must work would be simply using DIR,OUT, and IF commands. For example, I imagined that if the button was pressed at a certain second, a certain number of lights would turn on. This program would have to then include a set timer which would loop back after hitting a certain number of seconds, supposedly 6 because the dice only has 6 numbers. This idea is a bit similar to the use of a random command, but would take much longer to code. Fig 1. Initial Dice flowchart. This was my initial dice flowchart without any animations. -629532-67158300Fig 2. Final Dice flowchart. This is my final dice flowchart which include the animations. -49276038290500-688769364972500Fig 3. Dice Layout. This diagram shows where each LED would be placed and what pins will be used. Fig 4. Entire Circuit. This photograph shows the entire circuit including the LEDs, resistors, breadboard, wiring, and BoeBot base. Fig 5. Close up on BoeBot pins. Pins 0-6 were used and the button on pin 13. Unfortunately there are two wires that were not needed and were not taken off when this photograph was taken. Red wires attached to pin 12 and last Vss pin should not be there. 0000Fig.6. Close up on actual dice. This photograph shows the layout of each LED, resistor and wiring. I have done this almost identically to the layout I had drawn before. The red wire located at the bottom of the breadboard grounds the entire breadboard. Without this wire, the dice did not work before.

Managing the HR Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing the HR Function - Essay Example So it is possible in principle to be included via representative participation (e.g., by union members or by members of the same group assessing acceptability and fairness of selection processes or instruments) (Dale, 2006). The importance of rigorous and detailed job analysis in underpinning human resource development and in sustaining an integrated approach to human resource management cannot be overestimated. Recruitment and selection procedures, training needs analysis, and appraisal procedures etc., are all likely to benefit from job or competency definitions which are produced directly from an analysis of job behaviors. As a result procedures for recruitment and selection, etc. are likely to be more accurate and less susceptible to bias and distortion than some other previously utilized techniques, for example, the traditional interview process relying on instinctive criteria or a 'gut feeling'. Person specification involves education and training information, qualifications and personal qualities. It is likely that job descriptions would conform to the framework discussed earlier for competencies. That is, they would be composed of elements which appear to be generic to most managerial positions (Dale, 2006). Second, that strong occupational sector-specific criteria are also to the fore, and third, that some considerable individuation occurring either through organization-determined or individual needs would also be present in any actual job description that applies to a particular manager in a particular organization (Wood and Payne, 1998). Information is collected about a job in a structured manner and computer analyzed in order to meet a variety of objectives; including, the specification of job tasks and job context, profiling of human attributes required for effective job performance, and the identification of relevant assessment methods. For example, a job descriptio n and person specification can be made through a questionnaire, and can be supplemented with 'validation' interviews conducted by the job analyst where the respondent is questioned about his/her responses Dale, 2006). The advantage and strength of person specifications is that the occupational standards approach advocates the use of 'range statements', describing the range of contexts and applications in which a employees would be expected to achieve the outcome. A specification of the range of contexts in which competence is to be demonstrated is not however a substitute for an assessment of competence which reflects the influence of the organizational climate/environment on an individual's actions/behavior (Wood and Payne, 1998). Where the latter is seen as a necessary and essential part of an individual's competence assessment the occupational standards approach may not, at least in its entirety, be sufficient. In order to perform the job effectively, the breadth of job related knowledge is regarded by managers as substantial across all functions. Leaders of large organizations see the job itself as undergoing basic change. It would seem necessary therefore, first, that anyone who wishes succes sfully to discharge leadership functions must anticipate coping with ongoing change in the organizational environment, and second, that he or she must recognize that leadership is itself undergoing a substantial transformation (Slowik, 2001). Person

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity is clinically more significant that Essay

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity is clinically more significant that cell mediated hypersensitivity. Discuss - Essay Example Immune system was initially separated in two branches. These were cellular immunity and the humoral immunity. The protective immunization function is found within the humor, serum or the cell-free body fluid, while the protective functions of the immunization was based in cellular immunity. The helper cells or the CD$ cells give protection against many pathogens. The Cytotoxic T cells lead to death through apoptosis without the use of cytokines, thus for the cell mediated immunity cytokines might fail to be present. Anabolic steroids are made up of some performance- enhancement drugs. These drugs do the mimicking of the testosterone inside the body and, therefore, facilitate performance by enlarging the muscle cells. These drugs if used inappropriately or at high doses or without supervisor they may cause irrational and erratic behavior and a wide range of adverse effects. Performance-enhancing drugs are used by bodybuilders, and by people of different age, right from middle-school to college students and old athletes. Anabolic steroids increase the protein production hence creating building blocks for bones, muscle cells, and body tissues. The main, side effects of the anabolic steroids is the androgenic effect, and its effect in damaging the liver (Benjamin 3). Androgenic response increases the male features like secondary characteristics, which normally come, up due to androgenic steroids. Medical indications in this case are due to inadequate production of testosterone within the body. The liver damage on the other side is influenced by the direct effect of oral steroids that gives the liver a hard time to metabolize. For many years, wise physicians have come to the realization that many human diseases could be understood as pathophysiology or a disordered physiology. In medicine, pathophysiology is one of the branches

Gangsters in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Gangsters in Malaysia Essay Longman dictionary 2005 defines gangsters as member of violent group of criminal. Gang Identifiers and Terminology, Cantrell, Mary Lynn, Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems (1992) defines gangsters as organized crime that Bootlegging activities such as importing or making illegal liquor and speakeasies where alcohol could be illegally purchased gave rise to rivalry that resulted in hired gangs of criminals and gun battles. Thompson, Tony. Gangs: A Journey into the heart of the British Underworld. (2005) London defines gangsters as a member of an organized group of criminals or racketeers. http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=gangsterism (2004) defines gangsterism as Subscribing to a course of action reminiscent of organized crime. Acting or conducting business in a way that is violent and totally without conscience. Acting like a gangster/thug/hoodlum. Running business or holding a high government position with the help of hired guns, intimidation and the occasional assassination. wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsterism (2009) defines gangsterism as a gang is a group of people who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity. In current usage it typically denotes a criminal organization or else a criminal affiliation. History of Criminal Gang in Malaysia Who Are the Triads Identified? article at mynewsfocus.com (2005) stated that it is believed that Sio Sam Ong which literally means Three Little Emperors is a leading Chinese triad in Malaysia was established during the 1940’s to 1950’s; being mainly active in northern Malaysia. According to Wikipedia, A wide variety of historic gangs, such as the The Order of Assassins, Adam the Lepers gang, Indian Thugs, Chinese Triads, Snakehead, Japanese Yakuza, Irish mafia, American Old West outlaw gangs, Russian mafia and Italian Mafia crime families have existed for centuries. One of notorious gangsters in Malaysia was [2]Mamak Gang which has been active since the early 1990s. Gangsters Behavior and Activities The Star wrote in its article about Gangsterism, Gangsters are a threat to society and you can be considered a gangster if you are involved in any of these activities: Extort money from shop owners, hawkers and the like. Receive payment for threatening others or to beat someone up. Protect/cover-up gambling, prostitution, and drug trafficking syndicates. Ransom people for money. Be a part of organized crime. Force anyone to join a gang and its illegal activities. Attend a gang’s swearing-in ceremony. Engage in â€Å"table talk† or a fight with other gang members. Beat people up or destroy property of those who refuse to follow the gang’s commands. Gangsterism Amongst Youth in Malaysia [3]Yayasan Da’wah Foundation Malaysia (2007) in its article about â€Å"gangsterism amongst youth†, it is indeed saddening to witness our children change from a loving person, obedient and loyal to a person that likes to hurt, bully, shout, ill mannered, aggressive, rude and could not care less about others. They are involved in gangsters since their early age. There is a case where a father from Seremban called in the police and accused them of holding on to his son. That is the only thing that he could do. Just imagine how painful it was. Each group of gangsters have a symbol and of their own. It does not matter whether they are new or whether it is relevant the world of gangsterism, they all have a logo, a signal or a sign of their own. If you child waves to his friend in an explicit manner, be warned. Other than that, absenteeism from school maybe one of the indications that they have joined a gangsters organization. Internal Security Ministry Parliamentary Secretary Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop in an article by Daily Express on Wednesday, July 28, (2004) said that the Emergency Ordinance (Public Order and Crime Prevention) 1969 can be enforced on students involved in extortion and gangsterism. [4]Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop also commented that there were 1,502 cases in 2000, 1,324 cases in 2001, 1,136 cases in 2002 and in 2003 1,429 cases were reported. Among crimes usually committed by students were murder, robbery, rape, housebreaking, theft, using force, molest and receiving stolen property. In 2000, there were 1,152 cases involving students aged between 13 and 15, and 1,398 cases involving student aged between 16 and 18. The police always made efforts to overcome the problem of crimes among students by giving lectures and holding exhibitions at schools to increase student awareness on crimes and drugs and encourage students to join [5]Police Cadets to enhance their discipline and launch special operations to check unhealthy activities at entertainment outlets. Ways to Prevent Gangsterism Yayasan Da’wah Foundation Malaysia (2007) in its article about â€Å"gangsterism† amongst youth stated that several ways to prevent gangsterism. Studies indicate that the prime cause for children joining gangsters today is due to being able to collect money easily; to acquire drugs and to see protection. Some youths are bullied into joining. If they are afraid, or feel shame and easily bullied, their friends may threaten them by saying, â€Å"If you do not join our group, watch out! However if you are together with us, we will protect you and we will make you rich and feared!† Love Your Children. Just because he has made a mistake, do not leave him to fend for himself or to allow him to go astray. He will become more involved in social crimes. Just reflect over having a child delivering drugs for a group in comparison to your friend’s child who ends up becoming a doctor. You will most certainly ask as to where did you go wrong? You are only wrong if you neglect the well being of your child. Self-Confidence. Instill within your child with something that can never be changed, notably, confidence in himself. It has been proven that children that possess a high degree confidence in themselves are not involved in gangsterism. Parental Love. Parental love from the very beginning is very important in the shaping of your child’s future. If there is little love at home, then it will be sought off elsewhere. The same is applicable to money. If they do not receive it, they will seek it elsewhere. Make sure that you always are concerned and observe who your child mixes with and know where he is every time. If he has a cell phone, check if he has switched it off so that you c annot call him.